I don't see anyone smiling in that picture.
I read a book about one of the original Code Talkers. What he went through as a kid was horrifying. Him and the other kids would be dropped off and they had to walk to school. It took them 3 days with nothing but a sack of sandwiches. He was around 8 and his sister was 5. They were beaten, sexually abused, and starved continually. If they spoke their native language they were severely punished.
All in the name of religion.