Now I got to ask, did this area speak Spanish in the past or was this area a non-Spanish speaking area all along? I am trying to understand how a portion of Spain could not speak Spanish and how this could have been happing for 40 years. Where was eh Spanish government all this time?
All Catalans speak Spanish, only that for some it is their first language and for others their Manterna language is Catalan. It is much more useful in the world to speak Spanish than Catalan, which is why the regional government of Catalonia, dominated by nationalists, uses the laws to make the Catalan language compulsory. Catalan is the compulsory language in schools and it is mandatory to speak it if you want to have a public job in Catalonia, if you do not want to be a second class citizen in Catalonia you have to speak Catalan and even better if you are a nationalist.
Where has the Spanish government been these forty years? The constitution guarantees that all regions have their own government, but that is not the problem. The problem is that the Spanish electoral law benefits the parties that have all their votes concentrated in one region and that means that if the nationalists of Catalonia have 500,000 votes in Catalonia and there is another party that has 500,000 divided into all of Spain, the nationalists of Catalonia have many more congressmen in the Congress of Spain. The nationalists of Catalonia have been decisive for forty years to form a government in Spain and blackmailing the Spanish government with their strength. The Spanish government has been forty years without daring to face the nationalists.
Correct me if I'm wrong
@prepspa - As I understand it, Spain was originally multiple countries with their own languages, which are considered dialects of Spanish. Catalan was one of them, along with several others in other regions which I cannot remember the names of. Castillia was the central region of Spain, and it is Castillian Spanish that we know as "Spanish" today. (In some regions of Latin America, they don't even call it español (Spanish) but rather castellano (Castillian).) So the original language in Catalonia was Catalan, and Castillian was made the official language of the entire country when it was unified in the late 1400s. The bad blood really came in to the picture under dictator Francisco Franco, because he mandated that no other dialects be used at all in public and forbade teaching them to children. The current policies and sentiment in Catalonia is a reaction to that - not that it justifies anything, but it is an explanation.
Being fair Catalan is not a dialect of Spanish, but it is a dialect of Latin just as Castilian (Spanish) is another dialect of Latin. Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, French, etc., are sister languages.
What you say that Spain is the union of several countries is true, although it should be said that more than countries were crowns: Kingdom of Castile-Kingdom of Navarre-Kingdom of Granada and Crown of Aragon, where Catalonia was included.
The dictatorship of Franco prohibited the use of Catalan in the administration and public school. At that time it was not illegal to speak Catalan or teach Catalan in private schools. It was something very close to what the Catalan nationalist governments do today only on the contrary.
Why does a politician have to decide what language to use? If the entire population wants to speak Catalan, do so, if the population wants to speak in Spanish, do so, if 50% want to speak in Catalan and the other 50% in Spanish, do so. What can not be done is to tell children in schools that if they want to succeed in life they have to have Catalan as their mother tongue and that Spanish is a language of fascist oppressors. You should know that fifty years ago Catalan was the mother tongue of only 50% of the population and now more and more parents speak to their children only in Catalan because they have been brainwashed and every time in Catalonia people speak Spanish of worse quality and because they learn it watching television channels that are broadcast in Spanish from Madrid. The language of the minority has been imposed on the majority by law. I like that my children can learn Catalan too, but I certainly do not want them to lose their roots and I do not want to be ridiculed by a nationalist master for having Spanish names. I don´t want to feel foreing or second class citizen in a part o Spain
Living in a dictatorship like Franco's was disgusting, the problem is that the Franco dictatorship, which ended almost fifty years ago, continues to serve the nationalists of Catalonia as an alibi for their political purposes of population control.
One more thing. Catalan nationalism predates Franco's dictatorship, it can be started around the 90s of the 19th century. During the Spanish Civil War, the nationalists of Catalonia fought with the side of the Republic, but in reality they were a cancer for the Republic and fled Franco's troops whenever they could. Catalanists often tell in the foreign press that Catalonia was the region that fought the most against Franco, when in fact it was conquered long before Madrid, which fought until the end.